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Professional baseball’s history stretches back about 150 years, and on that scale, the concept of a relief pitcher is relatively new. Bullpen usage has continued to increase in recent years, with varying levels of effectiveness. Elite relievers should stand out even more than their peers. However, relief pitchers continue to be one of the most underrepresented groups in the Hall of Fame, with only eight enshrined players entering the current voting cycle.
Billy Wagner's Hall of Fame candidacy will be at the forefront of debate over the next year, since he fell five votes short of election in 2024. He has slowly gained support in recent years, moving from 10% of the vote in 2016 to 68% last year. During the current voting cycle, Wagner was tracking around 80%, so there was still some question about whether or not he’d clear the 75% threshold needed for induction. No player has reached this high a percentage and not been inducted in the next voting cycle.
So, why does Wagner deserve to be elected? He is one of the most dominant relievers of all time. Wagner has the highest strikeout rate for any pitcher with at least 900 innings. Using that same innings threshold, Wagner has the lowest opponent batting average (.187 BA) in MLB history. Mariano Rivera is the lone pitcher with a lower ERA and ERA+ since 1920. He also has the sixth-most saves all-time (422), but will likely drop on that list with Kenley Jansen (420) and Craig Kimbrel (417) set to pass him next season. His career was limited in innings, but he was one of the game’s best pitchers and deserves to be in the Hall.
Former Twins closer Joe Nathan compares well to Wagner in multiple ways, but his Hall of Fame candidacy was short-lived. In 2022, he first appeared on the ballot and received 17 of 394 votes (4.3%). He fell three votes shy of staying on the ballot and received the most votes of any player who fell off the ballot that voting cycle. It was a crowded year to be on the ballot, because Barry Bonds, Roger Clemens, and Curt Schilling were in their final year of eligibility. Some tough choices needed to be made, with writers being limited to 10 votes per ballot.
JAWS is a metric created by Jay Jaffe that attempts to rank players based on their worthiness for the Hall. It takes a player’s career WAR and averages it with their seven-year peak WAR to create a weighted score, designed to help balance the desire we all feel for a Hall of Famer to have been truly great at their best but also demonstrate longevity. For relievers, Jaffe has started including a hybrid version of JAWS, which includes Win Probability Added, because relievers pitch in high-leverage situations for most of their appearances. The top five relievers, according to R-JAWS, had all been inducted into the Hall entering the current voting cycle. Wagner ranked sixth, and Nathan is seventh all-time, with the two players only separated by 0.5 points.
JAWS isn’t the only statistic that helps Nathan’s cause, as he ranks well in many other areas. Even though he was 29 when he became a full-time closer, he pitched into his early 40s. Along the way, he was elected to six All-Star teams, finished in the top five of Cy Young voting twice, struck out more than a batter per inning, and finished in the top 5 in saves five times. Nathan also ranks sixth all-time in win probability added among relief pitchers. Overall, he’s eighth in career saves, and he had five seasons with a 1.88 ERA or lower.
Some writers have plainly stated that they didn’t vote for Wagner and Nathan because of their poor playoff performance. They justify their decision through the lens that closers should thrive in pressure-packed environments like the postseason, and both pitchers failed to meet those expectations. Wagner made 14 playoff appearances and posted a 10.03 ERA with a 1.97 WHIP in 11 2/3 innings. Nathan compiled an 8.10 ERA with a 2.20 WHIP in 10 innings. It’s such a small sample size that it seems difficult to hold this against the relievers, but it was one of the reasons Wagner fell short on this year’s ballot.
Nathan is one of the game’s all-time great relievers, a significantly underrepresented group in the Hall. Had his ballot not been so crowded, Nathan could have received more initial support, then slowly gained supporters in later years, like Wagner. Now, Nathan will need to wait for the Eras Committee to review his name in the coming years, hoping his résumé meets their criteria. The next scheduled review of players from the Contemporary Era is December of 2025, for inclusion in the Class of 2026.
Do you think Nathan can be elected through the Eras Committee? Should he have lasted longer on the ballot? Leave a COMMENT and start the discussion.
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