Thanks for putting together this concise summary of the way things look from the inside.
I'll limit my response to one thing you said: "They aren't cheap - they are disciplined." Disciplined can overlap with rigid, and can be the opposite of dynamic. In the last few weeks, the market for the very top end of position players, shortstops in particular, exceeded all (public) expectations. Were the Twins disciplined, or unwilling to adapt?
The concept of an s-shaped curve is well known (to you I'm sure) and IMO applies to free agent salaries:
I couldn't find a great visual so ignore the numbers on the two axes, and imagine salary paid on the horizontal, and value received (I'll think in terms of WAR) on the vertical. Pay major league minimum (lower left hand corner) and you receive essentially zero in value; pay a little more and you still get zero, keep paying more and you start to receive value better than a minor-league free agent, keep paying more and you get somewhat linearly increasing value, but eventually your additional payment starts leveling off and every extra dollar nets you less and less.
When you go after top end talent, in this case Correa, you know in advance that you're at that upper-right corner of the chart. You've committed to "overpaying" in terms of price-performance. Everybody, literally everybody, wants the difference-maker players on the right of this chart, and the big market teams will pay what it takes.
All of a sudden, the curve changes right from under you. Where you thought you were one place on the curve, now you are way insufficient; way to the left on that graph than you thought. What do you do now?
I am bothered that the Twins FO apparently thought they were committed going in, but then didn't adapt. You call it disciplined, I call it rigid.