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Stanozolol, the drug for which the right-hander tested positive, is an anabolic steroid but not one that is associated with big, rippling muscles. It increases red blood cell production and thus allows for faster recovery and reduced injury occurrence.
In a 2005 ESPN article covering the substance after Rafael Palmeiro's positive test, an expert said Stanozolol "could help a player avoid serious injury because it helps the body recover from physical stress."
Although he has been an extremely durable pitcher, logging an average of almost 190 innings per season since reaching the majors at age 22, Santana did have a notable scare with his right elbow ligament a while back.
In 2009, he was diagnosed with a sprain -- in other words, a partial tear -- and missed the first six weeks. He never required surgery, came back and made every start the rest of the way, then threw 450 innings over the next two seasons.
It was an impressive bounce-back and a seemingly rare instance where the "rest and rehab" route worked out perfectly, but with Santana throwing so many innings before and after that sprain, aging into his mid-30s, and coming off a season where the stakes were as high for him personally as they have been at any point in his career, one can't help but wonder if he's finding it harder to keep that arm going, to the point where he'd turn to a substance he couldn't fully trust -- one that has now cost him dearly.
This is all purely speculation, and that's all we'll get because beyond the generic press releases, there will be no details publicized about what Santana took, why he took it and what his goals were.
But the hurler's lifetime workload was already somewhat of a red flag to begin with. While the Twins have touted his innings total -- 10th-highest of anyone since his debut in 2005 -- as a resounding positive, one could easily argue the opposite. That's a lot of wear.
If there's a bright side to this whole thing, it's that Santana's well-weathered arm will get a lengthy respite. Perhaps this added break, at this point in his career, will help make him more effective over the remainder of the contract.







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