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    What Happened To Joe Mauer?


    Parker Hageman

    If the 2015 Minnesota Twins have any hope of contending in the AL Central it requires Joe Mauer's level of offensive productivity to return to his career norm.

    Certainly a gross oversimplification considering he can’t pitch or cover the outfield but the lineup functions much better when he is healthy and hitting. Fortunately, just last month Mauer told KSTP that “this is the most productive offseason I've had in a long time.”

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    MOST.

    PRODUCTIVE.

    OFFSEASON.

    EVER*.

    You hear that pitchers? Print the World Series tickets now. Plan the parade route. Chisel Mauer’s bust on the MVP trophy. Start the...hold on. Apparently last year Mauer told the Pioneer Press that that winter “has been a very productive offseason” and that offseason’s labor resulted in one of his worst offensive years in his career (outside of his injured 2011). So, wait, are words just meaningless?

    The accusation here is not that Mauer did not work out and prepare to his fullest ability heading into 2014, but rather something was off which led to the low offensive output relative to his lofty standards. Reviewing his season, there are several notable factors that chipped away at his usually pristine BABIP and eroded his on-base percentage.

    The Outfield Shift

    The first was that other teams were positioning themselves to account for Mauer’s opposite field tendencies. Over the last three years his batting average on balls in the air had never dropped below .400 when going the other way and wound up at .330. Still very good overall but that is several fewer hits nonetheless.

    Mauer_BABIP OF.png

    No Hits To The Right

    Second, Mauer’s ability to get hits when pulling the ball completely fell apart. Again, part of this goes back to the defensive alignment because -- as you can glean from the chart below -- a limited numbers of balls actually got out to the right field area and this allowed the right fielder to shift around. On the other hand, Mauer’s ground ball tendencies when pulling makes for some very busy infielders. From 2009 to 2013, he held a respectable .279 batting average on balls in play on anything he yanked but that dropped to .207 in 2014. The average left-handed hitter was about to post a .289 BABIP when pulling.

    hit-chart.png

    The Whiff

    The last is his increased strikeout rate. Since 2009 the percent of plate appearances in which he has struck out has gone from 10% to 9% to 11% to 14% to 18% to, finally, 19%.

    One reason for those increasing rates is a growing number of strikeouts looking. From 2009 through 2011, he struck out looking 27 times total but from 2012 through 2014, he has watched strike three go by 63 times. On the rising figures, Mauer told Pioneer Press’s Charley Walters this year that he attributes it to the umpire’s expanding zone and he’s not wrong. According to Jon Roegele’s research at HardballTimes.com the zone has been fattening up the past six years, particularly in the lower regions of the zone. In spite of having always been in the zone, suddenly pitches that were called balls in 2011 for Mauer are considered strikes in 2014.

    Of course, that doesn’t explain the rise in strikeouts swinging -- or maybe it does to some degree. Mauer has always been one of the game’s most calibrated individuals and the shifting strike zone may be messing with that aspect. It is possible that Mauer's transition away from catcher has affected his zone calibration as the umpires began to call lower and lower strikes.

    Adding and Subtracting Speed

    Here is another data nugget that could be influencing the outcomes mentioned above. Looking at pitch sequencing, an interesting trend for Mauer stands out: When pitchers added and subtracted speed, he struggled mightily last year.

    This is not a new wrinkle opponents are challenging him with, but now the results are significantly different. For example, from 2009 to 2013, when pitchers followed a fastball with a change-up, Mauer hit .274/.318/.377 on that pitch. Meanwhile in 2014, he turned in a .143/.172/.179 line. On the other hand, if a pitcher tried to go with a fastball after a change Mauer hit .451/.521/.697 from 2009 to 2013. Last year Mauer went just .111/.200/.111.

    Mauer_Sequencing.png

    Naturally this is presented with the small sample size caveat. However, this is an unusual trend for Mauer over the course of the last six years of data. In no other cases did he have any issues in sequencing. It is as if pitchers have figured out a way to throw him off-balance.

    ****

    To be fair, Mauer’s offensive numbers were better than the average but deviated from his typical norm. His on-base percentage was still in the top 20 in the league and his OPS+ remained above the league’s average too. Sometimes being critical of Mauer’s performance feels like saying a girl is too pretty.

    Overall, his contact has been inferior this past year as well. His hard-hit average (.182) hit a six-year low as did his fly ball/line drive distance rate (275 feet), while his foul ball rate hit a high in that time. His in-play percentage was also a new low. In short, he did not make the same high quality contact as he had made in previous years. Part of that may be because he was trying to adjust to the defense or the expanding strike zone while trying to time the pitchers’ offerings. Beyond these elements, Mauer may have been hindered by injuries, age or other things that we cannot know (like perhaps the fumes from his new first baseman’s mitt causes dizziness).

    We know a lot about what went wrong in 2014 for Joe Mauer. What is unknown is whether this decline is a growing trend or a passing phase.

    *“in a long time.”

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    Here's an article from 1/21/14 about last years training:

     

    http://www.twincities.com/sports/ci_24962055/minnesota-twins-joe-mauer-feeling-good-taking-it

     

    "It varies every year," Mauer said of his offseason routine. "This year I wanted to start off the year making sure I got over this concussion and took the time. It's going pretty good heading into the year."

     

    Mauer, who has been symptom-free since late October, typically doesn't do much hitting in the offseason in order to conserve energy for the long grind ahead.

     

    "I haven't swung the bat yet," Mauer said. "Last year was different because of the (World Baseball Classic), but every year it's been later and later. I'll get to camp, and I think we'll have plenty of time to get ready for the season."

    Love Mauer but don't believe he is vital to the Twins resurgence at this point, wonder if the Twins would be better off paying a decent portion of his salary to play somewhere else and stock up some more youth in return...?  Also, doubt his health issues suddenly disappear as he progresses through his 30's.

    That said, Joe HAS to start swinging at more first pitch strikes.  He HAS too!  Mauer is giving away WAY too many first pitch strikes, many of which go straight down broad way.  He should be crushing those pitches!

     

    He needs to step into the batter's box and take big cuts at those pitches every once in awhile.  Not only will it result in more home runs but will reduce the predictability of his at-bats which all end up looking the same.  Changing this dynamic should result in less strikeouts for him and produce more hits.

     

    This is one of my issues. And don't get me wrong, Joe has a great approach that definitely has served him well until recently when his K numbers have climbed.

     

    The problem I have with that, is that he uses the same approach for every single at-bat. Doesn't matter the situation or the pitcher he is facing. It's almost literally the exact same thing, every time. That's exactly the type of thing pitchers can adapt to, and in some ways have, such as with the first pitch down broadway stuff. If they know that 95% of the time Joe isn't going to swing at it (5% is exactly his career rate for putting first pitches in play), that's a pretty safe bet to get ahead of him 0-1, and quite possibly a direct correlation to that increase in K's.

     

    Also with the first pitch strike stuff, it comes up that this almost all of the time, is going to be the best pitch he's going to see in the entire at-bat. It's criminal to me to ignore that, especially if it's a situation where there's guys on base to drive in.

     

    I'm all for this if he want's to feel out the pitcher in say his first at-bat. But in subsequent at-bats, he shouldn't have to, but still uses this same approach.

     

    It's also interesting to me that when Joe does swing at that first pitch, his batting average is the highest of any ball/strike count over his career.

     

    I think that putting the ball in play number needs to climb higher than 5% on first pitches the way pitchers are treating him now, and he would benefit greatly from it.

     

    All that said, if Joe does bounce back, it's a non-issue. But that's why these questions come up.

    Love Mauer but don't believe he is vital to the Twins resurgence at this point, wonder if the Twins would be better off paying a decent portion of his salary to play somewhere else and stock up some more youth in return...?  Also, doubt his health issues suddenly disappear as he progresses through his 30's.

     

    I just don't see an appetite, on our part or other teams to go through with this transaction.  With that, Mauer will be our 1B for the next four years and I think the closer he is to his career norm of an OPS of .860 versus last years .732 is a big story for turning around the Twins.

     

    For example, we are all really hopeful of Sano over Plouffe at 3B.  I would bet the .128 difference between Mauer's career numbers and his 2014 is greater than the difference between Sano and 2014 Plouffe (.751 OPS). That puts Sano at .879 at a break-even.

    Edited by tobi0040
    My understanding was that last offseason he didn't do much of anything but recover from the concussion symptoms. No regular workout, no picking up a bat until ST started.

     

    No, he was working out leading up to the Winter Caravan when he said he his offseason was "very productive". From ESPN.com last November:

     

    The Twins announced the switch on Monday for the 30-year-old Mauer, who missed the last six weeks of the schedule recovering from his head injury. He took a foul tip off the mask on Aug. 19. During a conference call with reporters, Mauer said he's feeling fine and symptom-free, having begun his offseason workouts.

     

    As Parker (or someone showed), he did swing at more first-pitches in 2014 than ever before.

     

    I think a couple of things. I do tend to believe that the shifts hurt not only his doubles production but also a lot of singles to left too... I think moving from the turf of the Metrodome to the grass hurt some, especially on grounders up the middle.

     

    The information I found very interesting was when pitchers changed speeds on back-to-back pitches. My initial thought was that it sounded like a possible concussion-related thing. I would think picking up spin and depth perception and all that could be affected by a concussion. That one spoke volumes to me. 

     

    I also can't forget the fact that he was a big league catcher for about 10-12 years. Even though he moved to first base, that mileage is still there. 

     

    And, of course, he needs to hit Top 3 because of that OBP.

    Mauer is easily going to bounce back with a .315/.405/.430 line. The concussion was an issue. And he just had one of those years. Players come back all the time with years of success after bad years. 

     

    Let's just hope it's Santana-Mauer-Arcia vs. righties and Santana-Mauer-Dozier vs. lefties. Mauer remains as an almost prototypical no. 2 batter.

    Mauer, who has been symptom-free since late October, typically doesn't do much hitting in the offseason in order to conserve energy for the long grind ahead.

     

    "I haven't swung the bat yet," Mauer said. "Last year was different because of the (World Baseball Classic), but every year it's been later and later. I'll get to camp, and I think we'll have plenty of time to get ready for the season."

     

    See he follow's the Hrbek offseason training model.  For his baseball career, he didn't age very well either.

    Love Mauer but don't believe he is vital to the Twins resurgence at this point, wonder if the Twins would be better off paying a decent portion of his salary to play somewhere else and stock up some more youth in return...?  Also, doubt his health issues suddenly disappear as he progresses through his 30's.

     

    He is the focal point for the resurgence of the Twins. He has 5 seasons of good productivity left, at least. He has consistently been an on base machine.

     

    Yup. This stat from Peter Gammons' site caught my eye: Joe Mauer has the lowest BA in baseball on 0-2 pitches going 2-for-48, hitting .049.

     

    According to ESPN/TruMedia's data, Mauer finished the with the seventh lowest BA in 0-2 counts at .068 (44 PAs). Jason Heyward at .053 finished with the worst in the game. 

     

    One interesting note is that during those 0-2 situations, the most frequent pitch was a fastball up in the zone. This differed from the other seasons. This might be a trend in baseball or something opponents have targeted. Either way, Mauer was not successful against those pitches.

    He is the focal point for the resurgence of the Twins. He has 5 seasons of good productivity left, at least. He has consistently been an on base machine.

    The focal point for every team would be SP.  Mauer was great in '12 & '13 and the Twins still lost 90+ games. I get that he still has plenty of value but is he really a corner stone, especially when he misses about 40 games/season? I wouldn't advocate swapping him for anything less than a can't miss prospect or multiple high ceiling prospects and think a guy like Vargas or Sano, if he were to move to 1B, could make up for a lot of what they'd lose with Joe.

    One interesting note is that during those 0-2 situations, the most frequent pitch was a fastball up in the zone. This differed from the other seasons. This might be a trend in baseball or something opponents have targeted. Either way, Mauer was not successful against those pitches.

     

    Parker, I seem to remember (cough, cough memory/eye test) that Mauer would get pitched down and in the same situation.

    Lots of theories in here.  Everyone seems to have one of Joe.  My eye test is that Joe seems to pull balls on the ground and go the other way more on line drives.  Seems like to me the shifts in the OF and INF took away hits from him. 

    The data Parker supplied, balls getting through the right side of the infield and BA on line drives to the OF seem to support this.  If true, Joe would need to be a little less predictable. If we needed anyone on our team to make a hitting adjustment with the entire off-season to do it, I would pick Joe Mauer.

    Mauer is as close to a mechanical hitting machine as plays the game. In theory, and likely in practice this makes a shift in the OF towards left, and in the infield middle right even more effective. Basically you can count on him to hit the ball consistently as pitched. I can't believe the endless well hit balls down the LF line that were caught did not impact his production. As for pulling the ball he never has been God at getting air under anything to the right side. It's just not his strong suit.

    Mauer is as close to a mechanical hitting machine as plays the game. In theory, and likely in practice this makes a shift in the OF towards left, and in the infield middle right even more effective. Basically you can count on him to hit the ball consistently as pitched. I can't believe the endless well hit balls down the LF line that were caught did not impact his production. As for pulling the ball he never has been God at getting air under anything to the right side. It's just not his strong suit.

    The only thing is, his BABIP last year was nearly identical to his career average (very good) which basically means his hits are falling in line with his career norms.

     

    Pitchers really have no reason to pitch him middle in, or in at all, so like you said he hits the pitches where he's pitched, low and away pitches go opposite field.  It does seem like he has been trying to pull more though and when he does this on outside pitches, those are becoming outs.

    Edited by jimmer

    Mauer is easily going to bounce back with a .315/.405/.430 line. The concussion was an issue. And he just had one of those years. Players come back all the time with years of success after bad years. 

     

    Let's just hope it's Santana-Mauer-Arcia vs. righties and Santana-Mauer-Dozier vs. lefties. Mauer remains as an almost prototypical no. 2 batter.

    I have never considered Mauer a 3 hitter. That's kind of odd since your 3 spot usually goes to your best hitter. But you also want more pop in that spot. That said, if my best alternative is Dozier, even in a platoon I would stick with Mauer. As much as I agree he is a true 2 spot hitter, I also have not been able to identify someone to take his 3 hole. Hmm, maybe that's why the Twins have lost over 360 games in the last 4 years?

    What happened to Joe Mauer?

     

    Would there be any concern about Joe Mauer if his slash line was .289/.397/.408?   Well, it was the second half of the season.   He likely was and played hurt for most of the first half.  Nothing to worry about.

     

    That's what happened to Joe Mauer...

    Many factors are likely:  1) Defensive shifts;  LF and CF move substantially to their right.  Line drives/fly balls have very little space to fall in LF.  Most teams shift substantially to their left.  SS is virtually behind 2B.  Mauer has two favorite spots LF line 200 ft + in the air, and grounders right over the mound.  Those use to be hits, now they are outs.  2) Expanded K zone; self-explanatory what used to be balls are now strikes.  3) uppercut swing; high fastballs are rugged--reference Arcia and his K-rate around 33%.  Also makes off-speed low and away more effective.  4) Mauer used to have dependable protection (Morneau) behind him--opponents not impressed (yet) by hitter behind Mauer.

    I have never considered Mauer a 3 hitter. That's kind of odd since your 3 spot usually goes to your best hitter. But you also want more pop in that spot. That said, if my best alternative is Dozier, even in a platoon I would stick with Mauer. As much as I agree he is a true 2 spot hitter, I also have not been able to identify someone to take his 3 hole. Hmm, maybe that's why the Twins have lost over 360 games in the last 4 years?

     

    Well the 3 spot being the "best hitter" is just old adage gibberish now. The best three batters, overall, should be 1,2, and 4 with your 3 and 5 spots devoted to power guys.

     

    I think Dozier there against lefties is pretty solid.

    I'm intrigued that Joe swung at a whopping 9% of first pitches. I have allergies that prevent me from doing a lot of counting, and I admit it felt like a lower percentage. My question is, of the 91% of pitches he chose not to swing at, what percentage of those were called strikes?

     

    The other question I have is, if he's not very good at getting air under the ball when he pulls it, why can't he get better at it? 

    Well the 3 spot being the "best hitter" is just old adage gibberish now. The best three batters, overall, should be 1,2, and 4 with your 3 and 5 spots devoted to power guys.

    I think Dozier there against lefties is pretty solid.

     

     

     

    I'm intrigued that Joe swung at a whopping 9% of first pitches. I have allergies that prevent me from doing a lot of counting, and I admit it felt like a lower percentage. My question is, of the 91% of pitches he chose not to swing at, what percentage of those were called strikes?

     

    The other question I have is, if he's not very good at getting air under the ball when he pulls it, why can't he get better at it?

     

    I truly think Dozier's power is questionable. I just don't see him as being any kind of a consistent power guy. But I guess this season will answer that.

     

    As for Mauer not getting the ball up towards right field, he never has. He is most comfortable hitting the ball deep in the zone, and when he try's to pull, or is forced to pull he seems to roll over on it. He might just be the reverse of most hitters. For him going the other way is natural, so pulling is just as difficult as another hitter going the other way.

    In the past I think he could get through the zone faster and was able to spray some hits around when he was behind in the count.  But I really thought his bat speed looked slow last year and that was seriously hurting his ability to get around on pitches.

     

    I remember reading an article last year about guys with slower bat speeds, and Joe was one of the main players mentioned. The article pointed out that his name was surprising because he was usually one of the faster bat speeds in the past.

     

    I believe they used contact vs pitches above 95 mph as an example, and he was one of the worst. Too lazy to find this article though. Guessing we are watching a still great Joe Mauer, but in a decline.

    The only thing is, his BABIP last year was nearly identical to his career average (very good) which basically means his hits are falling in line with his career norms.

     

    Pitchers really have no reason to pitch him middle in, or in at all, so like you said he hits the pitches where he's pitched, low and away pitches go opposite field.  It does seem like he has been trying to pull more though and when he does this on outside pitches, those are becoming outs.

    This.  Exactly this.   First half he seemed to be trying to pull and he seemed to be swinging harder.  That is not him.    The ideal for him is for pitchers to say here is our shift, go hit into it because that is where he likes it and he seems to square up a lot more in that spot.    Squaring up a higher % makes up for the fact that a higher % of those squared up are caught.   Net is going to be a .320 average and a .880 OPS.  Only contradiction I have is that pitchers do have a reason to pitch inside.   He just does not square enough of those pitches up to make them pay for it.  I think he does square when they pitch him middle out to make them pay for it regardless of the shift.   The worst of all worlds is what he was doing the first half which was trying to pull the outside pitches.   That has always been true of Morneau, Cuddyer, Plouffe ,etc as well.   Its just that this was the first year it seemed that Mauer fell into that habit as well.

    Joe Mauer didn't hit at a Hall of Fame level last year, as a matter of fact, he didn't hit at an All-Star level in 2014.  Why?  We've seen four or five theories in this thread and they all might have at least some validity.  We've also seen about as many prospective solutions.  Again, there is probably a grain of truth in the "fixes" offered by Twins Daily commenters. 

     

    I'll add my 2 cents worth and maybe offer a free bit of advice.  Mauer wasn't fully healthy for the first half of the season, he also is over 30 and perhaps aged rapidly due to the beating that catchers absorb.  Mauer carries expectations of being more--his size suggests slugger, his demeanor and upbringing suggest hero, and his resumé indicates he has always found a way to be successful.  He seemed to press and get out of his comfort zone, which set off the vicious cycle of pressing, failing and pressing more, which he really hasn't experienced since coming to the big leagues.

     

    Mauer is more than a year and a half removed from the concussion, he has a full year as a first baseman and has had time to adjust to the additions to his family.  I think that Mauer has to make some adjustments to again be a top hitter.  1)  Don't be predictable on that first pitch.  Once in awhile be prepared to rip at the first pitch he sees.  2)  Build strength.  Mauer seemed to hit a lot of balls 350 to 380 in the gaps when he needed to hit the ball 15-20 feet further.  His workout program has stressed flexibility over strength, but maybe he needs to modify the plan a bit so that some of those long drives make it over the wall.  3)  Be the man.  Instead of being content to take a walk or ping a single to left, sometimes the best hitter on the team has to try to drive the ball.  In some cases, I think Mauer should get more aggressive and try to drive the ball.  4) Use the entire field more.  It has pained me to see how far outfields shift for Mauer.  If he could get a few balls in the right center gap or down the line, it might result in more hitters' counts and more hits (and extra-base hits) for the three-time batting champion.

    I think it's all about bat speed, which usually goes when players get older, and why you often see rapid declines in productivity.  It is exacerbated for Joe because he lets the ball get in so deep.  Once bat speed drops, you have to do one of 3 things to compensate: 1) guess; 2) start earlier; 3) switch to a lighter bat/ choke up.  Most players do a combo of 1 and 2 which is likely why changing speeds was so effective against Joe.  Poor pitch recognition is more often than not, poor bat speed which causes guessing or starting/committing too soon.  (Think Nishioka). Thus, the players that look like they have a problem with breaking balls, actually have trouble catching up to fastballs. (Think Delmon Young).  For the first time I can really remember, Joe looked totally fooled on many off-speed pitches, and simply couldn't catch up to heat.  That's a decline in bat speed.

    My advice, swing a lighter stick.  You're not a power hitter anyway.  

    Back spasms early in the season. Oblique injury early in July. It's no wonder Mauer had trouble pulling the ball. Mauer hit much better after he healed (125 WRC+ during the second half).  

     

    Mauer had good seasons in 2012 and 2013. It's all a matter of health.

    Back spasms early in the season. Oblique injury early in July. It's no wonder Mauer had trouble pulling the ball. Mauer hit much better after he healed (125 WRC+ during the second half).  

     

    Mauer had good seasons in 2012 and 2013. It's all a matter of health.

     

    I like the he wasn't fully healthy in the first half.  The switch to 1B would probably impact him the most right away. The first half/second half splits others have offered provide me with some optimism.




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