LA Vikes Fan

I know we all kind of want to snicker at this given the Twins history but NashvilleTwin has exactly the right answer. Jeffers is likely to get a 3 or 4 year deal, probably 4, $17-20M AAV is probably the sweet spot. We need the bat in '27 and '28 and the prospect timeline is probably at least 2 years out. He would be the perfect signing if the new CBA includes a salary floor combined with some kind of NBA style cap (the union will never go for a hard cap). Here's my thought for the off season. Re-sign Jeffers, 4 years $68-75M. Re-sign Lopez for 4 years $90-100M. He wants to stay and is at a low leverage point coming off TJ. Re-sign Minter, 2 years, $18-20M. Trade Larnach for prospects, be willing to throw in an A or AA back end of the top 30 guy to get a better prospect, middle infielder preferred. Trade Ryan for a projectable middle of the order bat. I would target Michael Busch of the Cubs or Samuel Basilio of the Orioles in a 1-1 trade although the Twins might need to add a 15-30 prospect to balance out the control timelines. Another thought would be to trade Ryan to Boston for Tristan Casas (risky because coming off injury) and either Connelly Early or Allan Castro plus. To increase the possibility of Ryan re-signing and thus his trade value, talk to the California teams about trading him for Bryce Eldridge (SF), Dalton Rushing (Dodgers), or maybe to the Angels for a package of Christian Moore (2B, 22 years old), Grayson Rodriguez, and a lower level guy. Trade Lewis back home to the Angels as the classic change of scenery candidate for an upside package like Grayson Rodriguez or George Klassen plus Moises Ballesteros. That's it. No signing averageish vets to fill holes. Drop either Ober or Kremer by trading them for a prospect, start at least two of Prielipp, Matthews, Abel, and Rojas in the #4 and #5 rotation holes (all 4 will get starts with injuries in 2027), and play Keaschall, Culpepper, EmRod, Jenkins, and Lee every day. Pick the rebuilding around current core lane and commit to it.

I think there is a way to look at this systematically and get to the conclusion that while we have the complementary pieces, we're missing the tentpole pieces necessary to be the true contender. If you start with what I think is a realistic premise that Larnach and Ryan will be traded in the off-season and will at most it bring back one capable MLB bat that could potentially hit the middle of the order, there really isn't a lot of ambiguity. The only question marks are will we re-sign Lopez, who I sense wants to stay and would thus be within budget, and will Jeffers somehow re-sign with the team. I think the latter is unlikely but I still hold out hope. Now you know what you have and you can figure out the rest. Here's what we have: Lineup - we have 1-3 hole hitters in Keaschall, Buxton, and maybe Culpepper, 6 and 7 hole hitters in Lee and Clemens, and some young guys who can fill out the backend of the lineup. What we don't have our two legitimate middle of the order bats that can hit 4 and 5. Maybe we can get one out of a Ryan trade or re-sign Jeffers for one of those spots but we don't have those guys on the roster at the moment. We have openings at 1B, C, DH, and possibly LF. Starters - We have good candidates for spots 2-5 in a solid rotation and at least a little depth. We do not have a number one starter whether or not Ryan stays (he's more of a solid 2/strong 3) and I think Ryan is gone anyway. I'm hoping we use a trade of him to either fill one of the holes in the lineup or augment the bullpen. Bullpen - We have three pretty good late inning options, four if Minter comes back, and a couple of decent middle inning guys. We also have a lot of young arms that could potentially be somewhere in the 6 – 8 spots in a good bullpen and could graduate over the course of the year to a higher spot. Same thing here though; we need that dominant bullpen arm and we don't have it. So while I agree we don't need a full rebuild in the sense of getting rid of everybody and starting over, I think were at least 4 guys away from a truly competitive team and we're missing the hardest 4 guys to find - 2 middle of the order bats, a #1 starter, and a dominant late inning arm. We can either try to get those as free agents or in trades, or we can simply go in missing those spots, promote young players and hope they develop over 2027 to fill all or some of those holes for 2028 and then try to fill holes. What we can't do or shouldn't do is what we've done in the past – find average to slightly above average guys, try to stretch them into roles they can't really fill (think Josh Bell as your #4 hitter, or Gomez as your dominant closer), all in an attempt to win 80 – 85 games and sneak into the playoffs. That's just a recipe continued mediocrity, rinse and repeat. My view is we pick the "rebuild" Lane, not the "reload" Lane. That means trading Larnach, re–signing one of Lopez and Ryan and trading the other for hopefully a strong bat, and promoting younger players at the expense of averageish veterans. To me that means you can't keep both Ober and Kremer, keep one at most, play Keaschall, Lee, and Culpepper every day, and keep at least one of EmRod, Jenkins and Roden playing every day. Choose two of Prielipp, Matthews, Abel and Rojas to be the #4 and #5 starters behind Lopez, Bradley and Ober or Kremer, and I would think about transitioning one of them into the bullpen along with Festa if he's healthy unless we can pick up some good relievers. I'd advocate playing one of the young catching prospects but I just don't think anyone will be ready until late 2027 at the earliest. I think next year is for taking the next step, but that next step doesn't really mean true contention. It really means being competitive within a fairly weak division and possibly competitive for a backend playoff spot as you build towards an contention window in hopefully 2028 – 2030.

Absolutely a no-brainer, at least on paper. Cody, do you have some inside info from the team that suggest they aren't going to give Jeffers the QO?

This group has some solid talent but no elite talent. Sounds absolutely right to me. We are missing the tentpole players - the #3 and #4 hitter, a real #1 starter, and an ace reliever. We have some decent to good complimentary players in Lee (should be hitting 6), Clemens (7), Lopez (#2 starter), Ryan (#3), and 3-4 solid bullpen arms. We also have 2 guys who could break out into the elite tier and are very likely to at least be solid in Keashall (hits #1), and Culpepper (#2). So how do we get that middle of the order bat we need, etc.? I think we have to trade Ryan and hope to get a real middle of the order bat. That wasn't available at the trade deadline, all you get then is prospects. We then need to re-sign Jeffers, re-sign Minter and hope Keaschall, plus two of Prielipp, Abel, and Rojas make huge strides forward. We need to play EmRod and maybe Jenkins, and if not Roden, every day to develop. It's still not enough to truly compete but might get us to 85-88 wins and be a springboard to 2028. We do need to move on from guys who are nice role guys but don't move the ball forward. Trade Larnach for prospects and keep one of Ober or Kremer and trade the other. Lewis is a tough one since he has no trade value but don't hand him a spot. Trade Wallner if anyone will give up something for him, otherwise release him. I'd say trade Caratini but who catches if we don't keep Jeffers? Bottom line, pick a lane. I say pick the "rebuild" lane, not the "reload" lane. Don't sign veteran OFs ho can't hit third or fourth, play EmRod and Jenkins. Don't sign middle relivers, pitch Funderburk, Acton, Adams, Raya, and the 6th and 7th starters in the BP. Make sure that at least 2 of Prielipp, Matthews, Rojas, and Abel are getting the ball every 5th day. Commit to a new core. this one didn't work out.

This is far and away the best answer. By the way, this assumes that both EmRod and Jenkins are ready to play every day from April next year. So far, EmRod looks like a possible, Jenkins looks like a not yet. I think it's way too early to go on the assumption that both of those 2 will even break camp with the team, much less play every day. I know I'm going to get pilloried by the "play the kids, they were good in the Minors" crowd, but my guess is that EmRod starts the season with the Twins since he has no options, plays RF most days and CF when Buxton sits or DHs, with Keaschjal in LF and Roden and Martin on the bench. If you look at the hitting stats and the eye test at the plate, Roden has far outperformed Jenkins so far. Jenkins may not be ready at age 21. He may start the season as the St. Paul CF waiting for the inevitable Buxton injury or underperformance by Roden or EmRod for his next chance.

While I agree with a lot of this and generally respect your opinion, I can't understand why everyone is so down on Keaschall. He is our best hitter, Why on earth would we relegate him to a 4th OF spot on a team that couldn't score enough runs to be competitive in the second half? Write this down. In Pen. Absent injury Keaschall will start next year in a corner OF spot and most likely lead off if he doesn't move to the 3 hole. He's 23 and probably the best non-Buxton athlete on the team. He can learn to play a decent LF or RF. It's bat waaaaay over glove in the corner OF. It's hard to take anyone's lineup projection seriously that doesn't have Keaschall in a corner OF spot hitting in one of the top 3 spots. I do generally agree with the rest of your post, though. We need 4 guys -two middle of the order bats, a top of rotation starter, and a legit late inning arm. Re-signing Jeffers and Lopez returning in 2023/2024 form would help but Jeffers is a #5 hitter and Lopez is not a #1 starter. I'm hoping they trade Ryan and are willing to take on salary to get that #3 or #4 bat. IB, 2B, DH, LF, and C if Jeffers leaves are all open. Minter could be the late inning guy if he'll stay. I'd be willing to pay Freddy Peralta real money to join a Lopez/Bradly top 3 starters with Prelipp the #4 and real talent out there fighting for #5 (my money is on Abel or Rojas). Matthews could really lengthen the bullpen and rotation as a swing man/ long man. Add a legit #3 hitter to Keaschall, Culpepper in the top 3, put Jeffers, Lee, and Clemens in the 5-7 holes, add the traditional 80-100 games of Buxton and now the lineup looks legit. EmRod, Roden. and Jenkins fight it out for the open OF spot/ LH 4th/5th OF that can play CF, with Martin as the RH hitting 4th/5th OF, and Kriedler as the glove first UTL. You still have room for a bat first guy. Hire Ron Washington to teach Clemens to be more than just an average 2B with the glove and maybe to teach Larnach 1B if we can't get anyone else. I think Lewis may be gone or in a platoon at 1B. We have the complimentary pieces to have a good team in 2027. We need the tent poles. Jenkins and/or EmRod and/or GG, etc. are NOT those guys in 2027 and probably not in 2028 on the hitting side and neither Lopez not Ryan is that guy on the pitching side. We need to go out and get them.

You’re right about Buxton. The fact that Lewis isn’t blocking anyone is a problem. We need better 1B option. I don’t understand why people want to trade Keaschall. He is our best hitter, full stop, and part of the foundation for the next competitive team.

I think this is the right approach, but I would add 4 names to the guaranteed list - Culpepper, Hoffman, Morris, Lopez - plus 3 guys in the probable category - Caratini, Funderburk, Prielipp. That’s it. Basically 5 position players, 3 starting pitchers, 3 relievers guaranteed, 1 more of each in the probably group. Lot of work to do here.

I wish it would be 4/$60M. If I'm the Twins I get that done in a heartbeat. Jeffers will 6et at least 4/$70-75M, probably 4/$80M.

Arguments about WAR aside, this points out the Twins biggest problem in putting together a truly competitive roster for 2027. We have the complimentary players, but we don't have the "tentpole" stars around which to array those players. Put differently, we are really only short about 4 Players - a #3 and #4 bat in the lineup, and true #1 starter, and a shutdown closer. You know, the 4 most difficult things to find. If you think about the lineup and place each starter where they belong in a competitive lineup, here's what you get IMHO: 3 guys who can hit #1 or #2 (Keaschall, a healthy Buxton, Culpepper) 1 guy who can hit #5 (Jeffers, and he's likely leaving) 3 guys who can hit # 6 or #7 (Lee, Clemens, Larnach (only vs. RH pitching, unplayable vs. LH, and also probably gone in 2027)) Guys who should hit #8 or #9 (Lewis, Caratini, Jenkins, Martin, Kriedler, etc.) It's little wonder the lineup is so inconsistent. It doesn't work to hit guys who should hit 6 and 7 in the 2-4 holes. It's also hard to see improvement from this group to fill those holes. Maybe Keaschall could hit #3 behind a Buxton/Culpepper start but what happens when Buck gets hurt again or if he can't play after the surgery? The same thing applies to the starting staff. Lopez and Ryan are both very good #2 starters but neither is really a #1 and both get hurt a lot. Gomez has been a great closer at 22-22 in saves, but do we really think that will continue? Who knows. Who do you fix this? I don't know that you can but here's what I would try. Find out the market for Ryan. If you can trade him for a true controllable #3 or #4 hitter, do it even of you have to include a quality prospect or take on a multiyear contract. Don't trade him for guys how might someday be #3 or #4 hitters but aren't yet unless that's all you can get. He wants big money and more importantly wants to go back to California so trade him this off season. Try to re-sign Jeffers, even if you have to give him 4 years. He's the unquestioned starter the next 2 years anyway since Lackey and Tait, et. al. are at least that far away, and can be in a time share years 3 and 4. Try to sign a quality FA 2B, 1B, or LF that can hit in the middle of the order. On the pitching side, I think we have to roll with the rotation as is (unless Freddy Peralta wants to come) and hope guys take a step forward so we have a solid rotation of #2-#4 starters that carries us through. Scour the FA market for another late inning arm, preferably a LH. Frankly, AJ Minter could be that guy and Banda replaces Rogers. Do that and get some injury luck and we could have a 90 win team. We're not too far off of a truly competitive roster but just running it back isn't likely to get us there. Time for Tom to put his money where his mouth is.

I'd agree with you if I thought you were right about the contract Jeffers likely receives. I just think you're low on years and way low on money. 3 years, $42M with a $16M option is a no brainier for the Twins to offer and I think they will offer at least that, if not more. The problem is I think it is much more likely that he will sign for four years and at least $70 million, maybe as high as $80 million. Frankly, I would offer him three years at an AAV of $20M per, particularly given the lack of other big contracts on the roster. By the way, I think you're right that Ryan doesn't want to stay so he should be traded and Lopez does want to stay so he should be retained by another three or four year deal. I understand if you think those numbers are high for Jeffers, but I suspect that's because you're not thinking about it the way the big money clubs think about contracts. I suspect you are thinking about this potential contract in the sense of what would we be paying in the future versus what we would be getting his age 33 or 34 season. As someone who lives in LA, I can tell you that's not the way the Dodgers, or the Yankees< Red Sox, Braves, etc., think about contracts. They enter into these long-term deals knowing that the last year or two are likely to be over pays or even situations where the player has effectively no value due to injury or age. They make those offers because that's the price of getting the player in his prime years so they think about a four year $80 million deal for Ryan Jeffers as really paying $80 million for three of those four years, or maybe even two, knowing at least one of those years will be a significant overpay. That's what's having a productive farm system plus additional cash allows you to do; it allows you to overpay certain parts of your roster because you have the extra money and you have a pipeline of young talent to keep your costs down on other parts of your roster. That's the real advantage of being the Dodgers, for example. It's not that you can pay more for prime years, it's that you have the freedom to overpay for down years without it affecting the rest of your roster. I hope I'm wrong. I hope that the Twins extend the Q0, then make a three year $42M-$48M offer with a $16 million fourth-year option and a $2 million buyout, and that Jeffers accepts either the QO or the offer. I just don't think that's gonna happen. I think it's almost a certainty that he will get more than $50 million and that he's likely to get a four year deal from another club. If I'm right, extending the Q0 is a no-brainer and I expect the Twins to do so and collect the CB-A comp pick.

I thank this is probably the correct take. I don't doubt that the Twins received offers for Jeffers at the trade deadline. If they were the offers reported in the press like Volpe and Doval from the Yankees, or even the prospect package of Hess and LaLane, the Twins were better off to reject the offers, play out the chance to sneak into the playoffs, and give the QO to get the draft choice. They are likely to get a better player and gave themselves a chance this year. Now, if they don't extend the QO one has to wonder if they really are Morons.

Agreed. I really like the idea of Keaschall and Culpepper 1. 2 in the order. We have some pretty good complimentary pieces with those 2, Lee and Clemens, about 4 starters amongst that group, and about 80% of a quality bullpen if we can bring back Minter. We’re close but missing 4 big, tentpole pieces. We need 2 middle of the order bats and that’s assuming Buxton plays 100 plus games next year hitting in the top 3 in the order. Jeffers could be one of those two if he’s resigned. Maybe we get the other with a trade of Joe Ryan. We also need a number one/number two starter, ideally a true number one, whether or not Ryan stays. We need to sign Lopez or Ryan long-term. Finally, we need a dominant closer. Gomez has been great this year but nothing in his past suggests he’s going to be able to continue to do that year after year. I think this year’s off-season is going to be interesting for this team assuming MLB can get past the CBA negotiations. The Twins really are facing an interesting choice, do they trade their young players to try to get these pieces or do we play the up-and-coming young players hoping they become these pieces? Both are pretty risky, but I think you need to pick a lane. I would sign Lopez longer-term. (all of his actions tell me he wants to stay), trade Ryan (his salary demands suggest he’s going to leave), resign Jeffers, resign Minter, and hope to get that young middle of the order bat who can play OF, 2B, or IB out of the Ryan trade. I would then go to the free agent market for a late inning BP arm/closer, knowing that you can probably survive having Hoffman, Gomez, Moris, and Minter as your back end of the bullpen if you strike out. Beyond that, you play your younger players every day, including sorting through the young OFs until you find one that sticks. Still, it’s gonna be an interesting threading of the needle.

Buxton falling off the table offensively since the injury has really killed the lineup. We just don’t have a good number 3 or number 4 hitter that we can build around. We have some good complementary lineup pieces, but we don’t have the consistent high average, good power run producers. Not sure if that guy is available as a free agent either and it will be a while before any of the young players are ready to be that kind of player. Keaschall is closest, but he profiles better as a leadoff hitter than as a middle of the order guy. That’s why I wonder when people here talk about sending him back to AAA or putting him on the bench. Keaschall is the best hitter with the highest upside we have and he has to play every day for us to have any chance to field a competitive lineup. Clemens and Lee can be 6 or 7 hole guys, Culpepper looks like a #2 hitter in the making and a healthy Buxton can be one of the three middle of the order guys. We just don’t have the other two and we need at least one to be a competitive offense. Lewis is a real question mark and everybody else is unproven. Tough jigsaw puzzle for next year.

Well put. Lee is very good complimentary player on a good team. Hits 6th or 7th, provides 20+ HR power, above average but not elite in the field. And he's only 25 so he might get better. No reason to be looking hard to replace him or move him for somebody else. Having said that, he isn't going to be one of the tent poles anchoring the team. And that, in a nutshell, is our problem. We don't have any tent poles other than a fully healthy Byron Buxton. Jeffers is the only other position player that I would call it elite, i.e., in the top five or six in baseball at his position. Lopez and Ryan are potential tent poles on the pitching side as #2 and #3 starters (not as #1s) , but that's it over there. Let's be honest, we're not that many players away from being a truly contending team. The problem is the players we need are a true #1 starter, consistent #3 and #4 hitters, and a dominant closer. You know, the hardest things to find. Hey, maybe some of the young guys will become those players quickly.

It is but the #9 hitter gets a lot fewer ABs over the course of the season than the #2 hitter, so I'd prefer Culpepper in the 2 hole with Jenkins 9 and Keaschall 1.

Agreed. I would love to see Shelton put those two back to back in the 1-2 spots in the Order. Lee can hit 5 or 6. I would start tonight.

I'm good with this too. Arraez has a couple good years left, about the right timeline for Houston to come up in 2028/29.

I hadn't thought of Lowe. He's a little older at 32, but he really has hit well this year (.796 OPS with 28 HRs) and it looks like he's really turned around his defense to being well above average. The issue with him is he reportedly wants something in the neighborhood of three years, $60 million to sign as a free agent in the off-season. That's paying a lot for a guy who will be 35 when the contract runs out. Same problem with Gleyber Torres. He's making $22 million this year after accepting a Q0 and will probably require 3-4 years at over $20 million per year. Neither these guys are likely to be available on a one year rental basis. So would you rather spend your $20 million plus on for 2027? Jeffers on a QO, or Lowe or Torres in year one of a 3 – 4 year deal? Frankly, I'd rather have Jeffers since we don't have a replacement for him and Clemens can play an adequate 2B and hit for power. If the choice is which of those three would you rather pay roughly $20 million plus a year for the next three years, much tougher question. I still probably go for Jeffers since Torres can hit but has had health issues, and with Ross and Houston in the minors it seems like were more likely to have a replacement 2B than we are at Catcher. Lackey is at least two years away you have to think.. Both play positions of need. I'm not giving Brandon Lowe a 3 or 4 year deal at his age. It is unlikely to age well. Even 2 years is risky.

I'm interested to see what Ross brings to the table. We need a 2B and a UTL for next year, particularly if Kreidler isn't brought back. I like Kreidler in the field and I like his versatility, but his .173/.202/.284 (.486) batting line since the All-Star break is probably more representative of the way he can hit then his .256/.324/.434 (.758) pre All-Star batting line. My fantasy is that Ross will hit MLB pitching at even a .260/.325/.750 batting line and can become the 2B for next year, bumping Clements to a super UTL role. Probably wont happen but a girl can dream . . . I'm actually more interested in Acton coming back for the bullpen. We need help and he looked good before the injury. I see him and Adams in that battle next spring for one of those last two spots in the bullpen.

Really? Maybe you and I are looking for different things. I'm looking for a quality bat that can hit 3, 4, or 5 on a consistent top 10 scoring team. I don't see anyone other than Yandy Diaz or, you guessed it, Josh Bell, and he could only hit 5. I think we can get away with just 1 more if Buxton hits 3 and Jeffers hit 5, with a strong left-handed bat at 4. We got the other guys. Let's be honest about what we have. We have guys that can hit 1 and 2, and a whole bunch of guys who can hit 6 through 9. In fact, I think the dream back end of the order would be Clemens at 6, Lewis at 7, and Lee at 8 or something similar, with EmRod/GG at 9 as they get their feet wet. Put Keaschall, Jenkins, and Culpepper at 1, 2 and 3, in whichever order you like better and you might have something. Problem is who hits 4 and 5? Maybe Buxton takes one spot but then you need a big thumper for the other and we just don't have that guy. Jeffers is okay but he really should be hitting 6 or 7. Get a big thumper he can divide the lineup into Keaschall, Jenkins and Culpepper in the 1 – 3 response, Clemens, Lewis and Lee in the 7 – 9 spots, and Buxton plus the FA and hopefully Jeffers 3-5, and maybe there's something there.

This is close to where I see it and I think you're right that this team has plenty of money to give Jeffers a 4 year, 15-18m AAV contract. It'll take at least that; I may be low. Also Keaschall is not going to be a DH. I think they'll either re-sign Bell or rotate that through the 4 OFs and Gabriel Gonzalez. That's why GG's here now, to see if he's ready. Houston is a nice fantasy but nowhere near ready. He's fading big time at AA, although good overall, and he'll get at least a half season in AAA before even being considered and only then if he's tearing it up. He's a September 2027 to mid-season 2028 play. However, I think the exercise is to use guys we have and know we'll have next year, so here's my thoughts. We don't have a great hitter in the lineup so I've empathized speed at the top to create runs: Keaschall LF/DH Culpepper SS Jenkins CF/DH Buxton RF/DH Clemens 2B (Jeffers if re-signed with Caratini dropping out and everyone goes down one) Lee 3B Lewis 1B EmRod LF/RF/DH (GG v. LH starters) Caratini C Frankly, pretty uninspiring. We need to sign or trade for a true middle of the order bat. That player could be a DH/1B like Yandy Diaz, but there ain't much there. The second best available FA bat for 2027 is.... Josh Bell. I hope we can keep Jeffers.

I agree that this roster is missing tent pile elite players to build around. The only guy on the team in the top 10-15% at his position is maaaaybe Jeffers. Move to the very good category, top 25% or top 8 at their position and maybe you could add Lopez as a #1 starter and Ryan as a #2 starter (but not as a number 1). There are a few who may become that who aren’t yet, and Buxton is very good when he plays but he doesn’t play enough to be in the top 10 at his position. Thats why I wouldn’t sign a lot of free agents this off-season. I would rather spend all my money on a true middle of the order band or give opportunity to young players who we think might be that. More average to above average players doesn’t really want the needle when you don’t have those middle of the order guys or lockdown relievers.

Hey, we can all speculate on whether calling up Jenkins earlier would have made a difference. I personally don’t think so because I don’t think lacking an impact bat was the biggest problem we’ve had over the last month. The problem is our starting pitching has completely fallen apart. This year is just like last year in that sense. Ryan has a great first half, nowhere to be seen in the second half and in some ways a detriment. Once he goes, we are kind of in trouble. Bradley is a good solid mid rotation starter, and who knows, might be more by next year. But he he’s not that now. Ober is getting by with duct tape and baling wire, Prielipp is gassed.Matthews is actually pitching pretty well, but by that I mean, he’s an adequate fourth or fifth starter. Everybody else who could help is hurt and that’s not even mentioning that we lost our number one starter before the season even started. The Starting pitching fell apart, the bullpen isn’t strong enough to carry a weak starting staff, the offense fell off, and we hit the pits. Oh well, to next year.

By the way, it's now official. Walker Jenkins contract selected by the Twins. Woo Suk Go designated for assignment. One other unrelated yet interesting note, Simeon Woods-Richardson was just DFA'd by Toronto.