I never said I don't want to rely on turn out. I've always said that enthusiasm and authenticity were key. Whether or not turnout was the problem with 2016 (I think it certainly was in the states you mention), doesn't mean that turn-out in 2020 won't substantially help the Democrats. (Also part of my argument is that Bernie has appeal to these white working class voters that Clinton did not!) We all know so many people who did not vote for Hillary or Trump because they liked neither. By the time many of the states voted in the primary, Hillary had all but guaranteed the nominee because of the super delegate fiasco. Did you forget about that? That too affected turn out. I think the source of the defeat of 2016 is exactly what you are preaching now, calculated practicality towards the center, which rings of both elitism and lacks authenticity. (Clinton, Kerry, Gore redux; yawn). As far as empirical evidence, I'll continue to trumpet how popular those crazy socialist ideas are. And again, I point to Florida where turn-out drove Gillum-the-socialist to win the primary when polls had him as fourth and nearly took him to office in a state Trump won. Look, we all hate the word "socialist" and think it's some baggage, but I think over the campaign, it will be the policies that matter and the person authentically speaking behalf of those policies. (Nevermind who ever the candidate will be will be shamed with that label). Running anti-Trump, imho, is the weakest way to win the white house. I think any of the candidates can beat Trump; he's deeply unpopular (of course things could change).