Also, the Japanese were literally starving near the end of the war. Whether that would have influenced their surrender is hard to say, as the Japanese military complex had little regard for their citizens. I recommend the book The Pacific War 1931-1945: A Critical Perspective on Japan's Role in WWII by Saburo Ienaga. It goes into quite a bit of depth how the Japanese had militarized an entire generation from the turn of the 20th century onward and how it made the concept of surrender in traditional conflict a difficult task. The quick version: The Japanese military, for all intents and purposes, consumed all levels of government shortly after the turn of the century leading up to and in the aftermath of the Japan-Russo War. In turn, some time in the 1910s, they actually militarized their school system, teaching a very slanted and imperialistic version of Japan's role in the world. By comparison, the Germans didn't get rolling with that kind of indoctrination until the mid 30s. By 1939, the Japanese had an entire generation of fighting-age men under indoctrination. The Germans had a bunch of kids in silly shorts who saluted a lot. As a result, Japan had already produced an entire generation of kids hell-bent on conquering the world, believing themselves invincible, and not giving a flying **** about the average citizen, as it was everyone's duty to die for the glory of Japan. The book explains a hell of a lot of why WWII happened and why the Japanese were so horrifically brutal to their enemies (even worse than the Germans, as the Japanese literally hated everyone). See The Rape of Nanking.