I won't push this tangent too much further, but there are a whole bunch of issues with those 2003 tests. They were done anonymously, for the purpose of gauging overall PED use in the sport, and individual results were never meant to be tied to specific players. And in fact they weren't. But then in 2004 government agents investigating BALCO seized data from companies which did the 2003 tests, which they believed could link the specimens/results with individual players. Various courts and judges then determined this was quite illegal and unnecessary, and required the BALCO investigators to return the data. However, after that, someone allegedly with knowledge of the results leaked a handful of names in 2009. It doesn't take any kind of conspiracy theory to see all kinds of problems with this. Since the purpose of the test was to be anonymous, how carefully were the original records kept to link individual players to results? Even assuming the separate records of the players and samples were perfectly kept in 2003, the "person with knowledge" who leaked a handful of names in 2009 -- did they connect the dots themselves to come up with those names? If so, was there anybody who was even able to double-check they connected the dots correctly? If not, did the data and/or names go through various permutations of the "telephone game"? Here's a little blurb that illustrates that and some of the other problems with those tests: http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/baseball/court-ruling-03-mlb-drug-tests-article-1.401138 Simply put, the only "fact" is that someone leaked Ortiz's name in regards to the 2003 tests. It's somewhat less of a "fact" that he actually failed a test, and much less of a "fact" that any 2003 test he may have failed was equivalent to the testing which began in 2004. If the limited 2003 test result leak is your primary piece of evidence, you have a very weak case. Especially in Ortiz's case, where you have 13 years and counting of properly administered and documented (and increasingly expansive) passed tests since then, all while he's maintained his same excellent standard of performance. Even HGH, the more "advanced" PED, has had testing in MLB since 2012, and Ortiz has not failed a test in that time and has posted a 155 OPS+, actually greater than his mark from his first 9 years in Boston (145 OPS+). Even giving the 2003 test leak perhaps more credence than it deserves, I think the worst one can conclude about Ortiz is that he perhaps used very early in his career, but it probably didn't have a material effect.