Seth Stohs

Another great article from Mike Berardino including comments from Derek Falvey on: Joe Mauer and their connectionJorge Polanco's defenseMiguel Sano playing in the DRKennys Vargas getting a fourth optionStephen Gonsalves Read more here: http://www.twincities.com/2016/11/17/minnesota-twins-joe-mauer-derek-falvey-share-a-shapiro-connection/

Good to see him back in the dugout. He deserves it.

We're already pushing it in getting two MLB starters. What are the odds that they would add anyone with potential upside as the third option?

I think getting a platoon outfielder as the 3rd guy in a trade where you get two MLB starters (one with big upside) is a steal. They do have to play this season and I'd like them to be somewhat competitive.

I didn't include Grossman. Though I don't think Scott Van Slyke is a burner either. But again, Rosario (and Kepler) can play CF if needed. Another option would be giving a guy like Rajai Davis $8-9 million.

I knew I forgot someone. I put Duffey in the bullpen. His two-pitch mix should work well in short bursts. That leaves us with just one lefty in the bullpen, but I'm OK with that.

But based on them coming off of a 103-loss season, I don't think they're in all that bad a situation. They have a lot of Top 100 type of talent, with several other key prospects in situations. (Like, Chargois, Rogers, Melotakis, Garver, Rosario, Reed, Burdi, Hildenberger, etc... weren't Top 100 guys, but they can be very good role players on a good team still.) I get that I'm a glass half-full guy. I get that they don't all pan out. I'm OK with that, but the sheer number of potential big leaguers who are now getting an opportunity is encouraging. I could see this being a fairly competitive team in 2018. Obviously a lot would need to go right for that to happen.

In my original, I had Trevor May in the starting rotation. But once I made the (non-real) trades and had two more starters, I decided to say that he's just going to work out of the bullpen. I think he can be a decent starter, a #3 or #4, but I think he can be a very good reliever. The injuries have been a concern, but maybe all this new medical information will help with that. I think the Park/O'Rourke needing to perform is a given. O'Rourke would know that Mason Melotakis is getting close, or really any of the relievers. Also, the health of Glen Perkins factors into that as well. I guess I refuse to just give away Santana, and I do like the idea of a couple of veterans on the pitching staff. Santiago is from Puerto Rico, which is where both Berrios and De Leon are from. I see that as a positive, and I think Santiago can be better than what we saw last year. Santana is just a good, solid #3 starter. Very reliable. Has always been durable, and with the market for bad starting pitchers being so high, the Twins should be able to get something good for Santana. They shouldn't settle. At the trade deadline, they can evaluate where the team is.

First phone call the Twins need to ask for Urias. The Dodgers will chuckle. They offer a crappy trade. The Twins chuckle. But if the Twins can't get a package including Jose De Leon - Plus... they hang on to him. They need elite for Dozier, not just a return of whatever.

Many of you have taken the 40 seconds needed to download the Twins Daily Offseason Handbook. In it, you were able to read the run-downs on free agent options, some trade ideas and much, much more. In the end, you saw our consolidated blueprint for the Twins offseason. Today, I am going to post mine. I don’t expect you to agree with each aspect of it. In fact, I may not agree with all aspects of it. What I do encourage you to do is think about what you would recommend the Twins do this offseason and write up a Blog posting or post it in the forum to get feedback from others. Image courtesy of Mark J. Rebilas, USA Today Many of you have taken the 40 seconds needed to download the Twins Daily Offseason Handbook. In it, you were able to read the run-downs on free agent options, some trade ideas and much, much more. In the end, you saw our consolidated blueprint for the Twins offseason. Today, I am going to post mine. I don’t expect you to agree with each aspect of it. In fact, I may not agree with all aspects of it. What I do encourage you to do is think about what you would recommend the Twins do this offseason and write up a Blog posting or post it in the forum to get feedback from others. We’ll start with the 40-man roster decisions (which will be made on Friday) and work through the arbitration decisions, free agency and a couple of trades. In the end, we’ll see what kind of payroll we’re looking at for 2017. 40-Man Roster Decisions Earlier this week, I wrote an article showing the top ten players (or more) that the Twins have to consider adding to their 40-man roster or risk losing in the Rule 5 draft. The team is currently sitting at 36 players on their 40-man roster. At this time, I would remove Juan Centeno, Danny Santana and Buddy Boshers to reduce that number to 33. I would then ADD pitchers Fernando Romero and Felix Jorge, catcher Mitch Garver, shortstop Engelb Vielma and outfielders Daniel Palka and Zack Granite to the 40-man roster. That puts the team at 39, allowing them to make a Rule 5 draft pick. Arbitration Decisions Trevor Plouffe ($9M): Decline. Certainly I would try to trade him, or include him in a trade first, but I think that it makes the most sense for the Twins to non-tender him. Hector Santiago ($8M): Accept. Not an easy choice, but Santiago posted ERAs of 3.75 or less all four years from 2012-2015. 2016 didn’t go as well, but I’ll take my chances. Again, the Twins need pitching, and he’s been solid. Eduardo Escobar ($3.5M): Accept. Really a pretty easy choice, but I like the fact that he’s a great team player and has found success in a utility role. The fact that he can play a solid shortstop also is valuable with question marks at the position. Kyle Gibson ($2.5M): Accept. He was the Twins pitcher of the year in 2015, and injury and ineffectiveness and inconsistency all describe his 2016. So, 2017 is a big year for the right-hander. For the price, worth the time to find out. Brandon Kintzler ($2.5M): After missing a lot of 2015 with a knee injury, Kintzler came to the Twins on a minor league deal. He was up with the Twins within about a month and ended up their closer. He may not be the prototype for a closer, but he hits 94, throws strikes, lots of grounders. Again, for the money, no reason not to bring him back. Ryan Pressly ($1.5M): Former Rule 5 pick frequently hit 96-98 on the radar gun a year ago. Pitched way too much early and it certainly affected him as the season went on. However, his stuff is good, and definitely worth keeping around. FREE AGENCY CATCHER I’m in agreement that the Twins should sign a catcher. I just have a hard time handing out a long-term, big money contract to a catcher who either is, or is about to reach, 30 years old. So, count me out on the likes of Wilson Ramos and Matt Wieters, and I’m thinking that the market for Jason Castro will cause him to potentially get a fourth year or more per year than many think. So, what do I want in a catcher? Ideally, I’d like to see a good defensive catcher. With John Ryan Murphy and Mitch Garver in the picture, I would like to see a left-handed bat on a one-year contract. Enter the likes of Dioner Navarro and Alex Avila. Give me Avila on a one-year deal with a base between $2-2.5 million with some incentives based on playing time. He’s a smart catcher who plays good defense. He also knows the American League Central well. I would like to see nearly a 50-50 split between John Ryan Murphy and Alex Avila to start the season, taking advantage of platoon splits as appropriate. Mitch Garver is close, so he can be recalled if (or when) there is an injury. Murphy is good defensively, and he will (most likely) hit much better than he did last year. Plus, he’s still going to be 25 years old until the middle of May. BULLPEN First, I hope Glen Perkins comes back and becomes the reliever we remember. I also feel that assuming that will happen is a little naive (maybe) and should not be relied upon, at least not to start the season. So, I won’t include him, and I will hope really hard that he is able to come back. Second, I believe in the young arms that are working their way up. However, as we have seen, it doesn’t always happen as fast as we want. AA and AAA aren’t necessarily easy, and despite college or low-minor league level success, adjustments need to be made and lessons learned. Of course, injuries also factor into the timeline. JT Chargois, Mason Melotakis, Nick Burdi, Zack Jones, and others have all missed significant time due to injuries. Trevor Hildenberger missed August with an elbow injury. So, as much as I would like to see these guys all come up and become what we think they can be, we need to have alternate plans. That said, I am hopeful that we will see Burdi, Melotakis, Hildenberger and Jake Reed by midseason. So, I want to bring in one hard-throwing, strikeout reliever. I’ve been a big fan of David Hernandez since well before his 2013 Tommy John surgery. In 2016, he struck out 80 (and walked 32) in 72.2 innings for the Orioles. His overall numbers aren’t great, so I’d offer him a 1 year, $3.75 million deal which includes an option for 2018 at $4.5 million (with a $250,000 buyout). I would give him the opportunity to close, along with Ryan Pressly and JT Chargois. TRADE I am not a fan of trading Brian Dozier. At all. Losing him would certainly hurt the team’s offense significantly. Moving Jorge Polanco to second based and putting someone else at shortstop will hurt offensively especially. So, in order for me as GM to deal him, I will have to receive a top young starting pitcher. Someone who is right up there with Jose Berrios (or higher) in prospect rankings but also at or very near the big league level. And more, since as we know, there is no such thing as a pitching prospect. Recently, it was reported that the Dodgers are exploring the idea of acquiring Ian Kinsler from the Tigers. Kinsler has a no-trade clause, and he’s five years older than Dozier. Certainly the Falvey/Levine regime has already had some sort of discussion with the Dodgers regarding Dozier. One of Nick’s ideas in the Offseason Handbook for a Dozier Deal involved Jose De Leon. Like Jose Berrios, De Leon is a right-hander from Puerto Rico. He was the Dodgers 24th round pick in 2013 out of college in Louisiana. MLB Pipeline currently ranks De Leon as their #32 prospect, the 6th best right-handed pitching prospect in baseball. This is the same range that Berrios was a year ago. It would take a bit more for me to pull the trigger on the deal though. I would like Ross Stripling, who turns 27 next week, who had a solid debut in 2016. He pitched for Chattanooga in 2013 before missing the entire 2014 season and the first half of the 2015 season following Tommy John surgery. Another year post surgery and there is a chance he can be a mid-rotation starter. The other player I would ask for is veteran Scott Van Slyke. The 30-year-old outfielder has been a part-time player throughout his career. However, in his career, he has hit .262/.366/.479 (.845) against left-handed pitching. I would like to see him platooned with Eddie Rosario in left field. With Rosario and Kepler able to play centerfield at times to give Buxton a day off, the Twins don’t really need a traditional fourth outfielder. Van Slyke is in his first year of arbitration. His 2016 season ended in early August with a wrist injury. (If the Twins can get Van Slyke I would DFA Robbie Grossman. If the Twins can’t get Van Slyke, Grossman remains the 4th outfielder.) I would add Michael Tonkin to the deal as well. (Don’t get me wrong. I fully admit that if Tonkin isn’t traded in the offseason, he would be removed from the 40-man roster, if it were me. But a deal to the Dodgers would at least send him to a winning team in his home state. With Justin Turner potentially being lost via free agency, the Dodgers may have interest in Trevor Plouffe. And if I don’t get a top, near-ready pitching prospect and a second-tier, near-ready starting pitching for him, I have a hard time trading him. I would happily keep him on the roster. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Before getting to my Roster Blueprint, be sure to download a copy of the Offseason Handbook so that you can create your own Twins blueprint. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Seth’s Blueprint Roster HITTERS C - John Ryan Murphy - $0.5M C - Alex Avila - $2.5M 1B - Joe Mauer - $23.0M 2B - Jorge Polanco - $0.5M 3B - Miguel Sano - $0.5M SS - Engelb Vielma - $0.5M LF - Eddie Rosario - $0.5M CF - Byron Buxton - $0.5M RF - Max Kepler - $0.5M DH - Kennys Vargas - $0.5M IF - Eduardo Escobar - $3.5M OF - Scott Van Slyke - $1.3M PH/1B - Byungho Park - $2.75M HITTER TOTAL - $37.05M The theme is much more defense-minded, which should also help the pitching. Murphy and Avila will help behind the plate. Polanco should be better at second base than shortstop. The outfield is young, has great range and good arms. Finally, the name that stands out is Engelb Vielma. Will he hit? Will he hit for power? Nope. Don’t even think about it. Will he play great defense, showing hands, range and a big arm? Yes. The offense will take a step backwards, but the defense should be leaps and bounds better. Except at third base where it will be all about the offense. There are several platoon opportunities including first base DH and left field. Having Escobar will be important as Vielma transitions to the big leagues. PITCHERS SP - Ervin Santana - $13.5M SP - Hector Santiago - $8.0M SP - Kyle Gibson - $2.5M SP - Ross Stripling - $0.5M SP - Jose De Leon/Adalberto Mejia/Jose Berrios - $0.5M STARTING PITCHERS TOTAL - $25.0M Weird things seem to happen, whether it is injury or poor performance. Having plenty of depth at starting pitcher is important. At some point, De Leon, Mejia and Berrios will be part of the rotation. Trading Santana this winter doesn’t make sense to me, but I would consider trading him at the deadline in July. The same can be said for Santiago. The five starting pitchers who began the season in Ft. Myers and ended in Chattanooga (Stephen Gonsalves, Kohl Stewart, Tyler Jay, Randy Rosario and Felix Jorge) along with Fernando Romero likely won’t be ready until at least 2018. This gives them a chance to develop at their own, appropriate pace, while the three (or four) younger starters mentioned above get their shot in the big leagues. RP - David Hernandez ($3.75M) RP - Brandon Kintzler ($2.5M) RP - JT Chargois ($0.5M) RP - Ryan Pressly ($0.5M) RP - Taylor Rogers ($0.5M) RP - Trevor May ($0.5M) RP - Tyler Duffey ($0.5M) BULLPEN PITCHERS TOTAL - $8.75M In the bullpen, there are some solid arms with a lot of talent and velocity who need innings and situations in the big leagues. That will soon be the case for others, like Pat Light, Reed, Burdi, Hildenberger, and Melotakis who should all surface in 2017 as well. The bullpen could be dominant in 2018. I would retain Ryan O'Rourke as the guy ready to come up when the Twins are ready to face a lot of lefties or just need an arm. Also under contract - Glen Perkins ($6.5M) and Phil Hughes ($13.2M). Total Roster Salary - $90.5M SUMMARY $90.5 million. Yeah, that’s right. And when some read that, it will not be taken well. But I’m thinking 2018 and 2019 more than I’m thinking 2017. So I have a mix of youth with a few veterans. But it’s all about development of the young players, whether that is at-bats or innings pitched in the big leagues, or allowing a little extra time in AA or AAA to be more ready. Think about a 2018 rotation that includes Jose Berrios, Jose De Leon, Adalberto Mejia and Stephen Gonsalves, all guys who could be Top 100 prospects sometime between 2016 and 2017. Add in the potential of Fernando Romero and the pitching staff has the ability to be different and exciting by the second half of 2019. While the focus was mostly on defense with my moves at catcher and shortstop, the offense should be OK, even with the losses of Dozier and Plouffe. Miguel Sano, Byron Buxton, Max Kepler, Eddie Rosario, Kennys Vargas and Byungho Park could all be better offensively too. I strongly considered Jason Castro, but it seems like he is going to wind up getting more than the three years, $21 million that we predicted. His defense is great, but his offense isn’t worth the extra year or extra annual salary he will get. I couldn't justify that for a guy who will turn 30 during the middle of year one of such a deal. I did also consider Ian Desmond as a free agent signing at shortstop. He had a nice 2016 in his one-year, make-good deal with the Rangers. He played in the outfield and hit pretty well. But, he isn’t a great defensive shortstop and his offense went downward for three straight seasons before 2016. So, four years and $60 million (or more) seemed too much. If he would sign for two years and $32-35 million, I would strongly consider it. It’s not the time for the Twins to sign one of the not-so-great starting pitching options. It doesn’t make sense to spend a ton of money on a closer. It’s time to let the players that Terry Ryan and his regime developed play in the big leagues. In doing so, it’ll likely mean ten to 15 more wins than in 2016. And, maybe spend that extra $10 million adding to the front office staff, the analytics team, the medical staff and other areas in need of being beefed up. So, what do you think? 2017 is about improvement and development. It’s an opportunity for Derek Falvey and Thad Levine to evaluate everything, from the players on the field to the size and functionality of the front office. View full article

Are some thinking that he'll become an All Star? Odds are that he can be an OK regular and an idea platoon/half-time player. For that, 26 isn't a big deal. And yeah, there's an outside chance he becomes more. But I don't think anyone's expectations should be real, real high.

I'd say it's a long shot. I've written before that Melotakis has been on the Chargois route, and that worked perfectly. So, I think he's a guy that could be ready mid-season. Curtiss spent most of this season in Ft. Myers after spending April in Cedar Rapids. So, he's a little further out (drafted later and missed a bit of time with injury in 2015). We'll see how free agency treats Falvey/Levine, but Garver is close. No question.

John Sickels at Minor League Ball posted a crystal ball, attempting to predict the career of Byron Buxton. Take a look at it and discuss what you think? There are some really strong years with teh Twins and another team... http://www.minorleagueball.com/2016/11/12/13511462/crystal-ball-byron-buxton-of-minnesota-twins

I'm with you on this, and age means nothing to me at the position. If he comes up and spends most of 2017 in the big leagues and becomes really good, he'll be a free agent at 32. That's 6-7 years. No reason for that to be a negative.

Jaylin Davis was the Twins 24th-round pick in the 2015 MLB draft out of Appalachian State. He had a strong career there, but injury in his junior year made him fall in the draft. The Twins saw (and see) a lot of potential, a lot of power potential, in the young man from Greensboro, North Carolina. His 2016 season began in extended spring. Then he went to Elizabethton where he hit seven home runs in 12 games before moving up to Cedar Rapids where he helped the Kernels down the stretch and in the playoffs. Recently, Twins Daily caught up with the powerful prospect to get to know him. Image courtesy of Seth Stohs (photos of Jaylin Davis) Jaylin Davis was the Twins 24th-round pick in the 2015 MLB draft out of Appalachian State. He had a strong career there, but injury in his junior year made him fall in the draft. The Twins saw (and see) a lot of potential, a lot of power potential, in the young man from Greensboro, North Carolina. His 2016 season began in extended spring. Then he went to Elizabethton where he hit seven home runs in 12 games before moving up to Cedar Rapids where he helped the Kernels down the stretch and in the playoffs. Recently, Twins Daily caught up with the powerful prospect to get to know him. Seth Stohs (SS): Your season has been done for a couple of months. Have you had a chance to reflect on your season? In doing so, what are your thoughts on your first full season as a professional baseball player? Jaylin Davis (JD): Yes, after being home for a while and getting a chance to settle down a little I've had time to sit down and talk to my family about how I thought this season went for me. Although I thought I had a pretty good season I can still take some things from it to help me better myself for next season.SS: Growing up in North Carolina, who were some of your favorite players and teams? Do you follow other professional or college sports teams throughout the offseason? JD: Growing up I would have to say some of my favorite players of all time were Derek Jeter and Ken Griffey Jr. The only other professional team that I really follow would have to be the Carolina Panthers. College wise I'm a big TarHeel basketball fan and I still follow our baseball and football teams at App State.SS: What were some of your highlights while playing at Appalachian State? I would think the two homers off of Carlos Rodon would be right up there. JD: I would definitely have to say my first game/at bat of my freshman year was one of my biggest highlights at App State. First pitch, three-run homer off of Rodon and we ended up winning that game 5-3. The second one would have to be breaking the single season triple record my sophomore year. And also being named the third freshmen All-American in App State history.SS: You got hurt your final season. What was the draft process like for you? Did you talk to a lot of scouts? JD: After getting hurt the draft process for me was a little hectic. Don't get me wrong it all ready was before but the thought of not knowing whether someone would take a chance on me was always on my mind. It was probably about a month or so after my surgery before I started hearing back from scouts again and them informing me on how they were willing to take a chance on me and help me finish up my rehab.SS: Did you follow the draft to see where you might be selected? Where were you and how busy was your phone after hearing your name? JD: I had told myself that I wasn't going to follow the draft. I was just going to wait to see if I got a call, but that didn't last very long. I was actually on my way home when I started getting texts from friends and old teammates saying congrats on being drafted and at the time I still didn't even know by who. Shortly after that I got a call from the area scout saying the Twins had drafted me.SS: Was it frustrating having a dream fulfilled (getting drafted), but then not being able to play last year? JD: Not being able to play my first year was definitely frustrating; in fact that was definitely the longest year of my life. Being away from the game that long sucked,but at the same time I think it helped me out also. I felt like that it strengthened me physically and mentally and better prepared me for the next level I was about to take in my baseball career.SS: What was the transition from the Appalachian League to the Midwest League for you? Difference in pitching, ballparks, atmosphere, etc? JD: The biggest transition for me would have to be the atmosphere. Playing in Etown was fun, but going to Cedar Rapids and playing in front of the big crowds made the experience even better. The only thing different about the pitching was that the off-speed pitches were a lot sharper and they threw them more often.SS: You got to play in the Midwest League playoffs… What was that experience like? JD: Playing in the Midwest League playoffs was a great experience and the group of guys I got to experience it with made it fun. The atmosphere in the dugout didn't really change much. We kind of brought that same high level of energy that we had trying to clinch our playoff berth.SS: How would you describe yourself as a player? What are your strengths? JD: If I had to describe myself as a player I would say my biggest strength is being able to hit for power and my versatility in the outfield.SS: Were there specific things you were working on in instructs this year? JD: The biggest thing I worked on this year in instructs was trying to be more consistent at the plate and cutting down on my strikeouts. The one thing that helped me the most with that was getting ready earlier and not missing my pitch early in the count.SS: You’ve been home for a couple of months. What have you been able to do to get away from baseball? JD: Basically just being at home with my family and getting to spend sometime with my little brother has helped me get away from baseball a little bit. I also went back to school and visited some old teammates.SS: At what point do you not only start thinking about the 2017 season, but when do your workouts and preparation begin? Do you think you’ll do anything new or different after going through a full season? JD: Well right now I'm working out with a group of guys from my area that play with different organizations at Carolina Acceleration with Carmine Pagano. I felt like working out there really got me ready for last season so I don't think I'll be changing anything.SS: Did you learn anything about yourself, or did anything surprise you about working through a full season? JD: I pretty much knew what to expect after talking with some of the guys that have been there for a while. The biggest thing I think I learned about myself was that I was actually more physically and mentally ready than I thought I was.SS: There are probably some high school baseball players reading this. What would one piece of advice be that you would share with them, or share with a 14-year-old Jaylin? JD: I would tell them to work just as hard off the field as they do on the field to have that balance (good grades along with the skills) because that balance will open doors that will create more opportunities to take it to the next level. I would also let them know that there will be a lot of sacrifices that will have to be made. And to just have fun playing the game.SS: If there was one thing about yourself that you would want Twins fans to know, what would it be? JD: That I have a true passion for the game on and off the field and that I'm very thankful for the opportunity that the Twins have given me to live out my dream.Thank you for Jaylin Davis for taking time to thoughtfully respond to our questions. Feel free to comment or ask questions below. View full article

Season 1 of Fargo was awesome. I kind of hated the Movie (I even watched it again about a year ago to see if I missed something... still didn't like it). I'm looking forward to Season 2. Have to find it somewhere where it is free.

I watched about 4-5 episodes of Mozart in the Jungle... Can't believe I got through that much. Sorry. Deadwood, I haven't been able to get through a second episode.It's the era that I really enjoy. I loved the mini-series from the late 70s, Centennial, and I love movies/shows from the mid-to-late 1800s, so I should like it. Breaking Bad was awesome.

Mike Berardino posted another interesting article today. He is in Arizona and had the chance to talk to Nick Gordon recently. The story touches on his relationship with his brother Dee (And the Jose Fernandez death as well as Dee's suspension). It talks about playing in the FSL, staying strong and wanting to stay at shortstop. http://www.twincities.com/2016/11/15/brothers-tribute-to-jose-fernandez-inspired-twins-prospect-nick-gordon/

Not a 2016 Twins player, but Minnesotan and former Twins LHP Caleb Thielbar has signed a minor league deal with the Marlins as well. He played for the Saints in 2016.

Carlos Paulino signed with the Marlins.

Here's a question for the discussion: How many two-way catchers are there really in baseball right now? Salvador Perez Buster Posey Yadier Molina was for a few years. I'm not going to look it up now, but two-way catchers are really rare. That's what made Mauer so special for a decade.

I don't think that's a bad take. We often fret about losing players that weren't protected. Each year there are 2-3 guys that we think have a real chance of being taken. Last year, Felix Jorge and Zack Jones were two of them. They lost Jones and ended up getting him back. Most years, they don't lose any, or maybe one. Granite and Vielma could be types that are selected, however. Rule 5 guys don't have to play much to stay on a roster, but they have to be able to contribute something. Granite and Vielma can both fly. They could be used as pinch-runners. They are also good defensively so they can pinch run and be defensive replacements in addition to a start a week or something.

I wouldn't say Insane. However, one important thing to remember is that whoever they add must remain on the 40-man roster (unless traded) until spring training. If they plan on signing any free agents to MLB contracts, they have to keep some guys on there that they can drop at that time. So, it's kind of a risk-reward type of thing. I would remove Juan Centeno like 2 months ago, but if they sign Jason Castro, they need someone to DFA at that time, and if they fill up the 40 man, it's much harder to do.